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Showing posts with label Christian. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Christian. Show all posts

Friday, May 30, 2025

Indonesia's Weird and wonderful sights - curved house roof in Sulawesi island's Toraja region.

 

Hotel Sahid, Indonesia. Photo by Trevor Sharot. Copyright.

The Landscape
Sulawesi is one of the four greater islands of Indonesia. The big four are Java (the most people - overseas visitors in the past often started at the city of Jakarta), Sumatra (the biggest land area), Borneo (divided between Indonesia and Malaysia) and the last of the big four is interesting Sulawesi.
Makassa is the largest city in Sulawesi. 

People and Religion
The majority of the people are mostly nominally Christian, with some Muslims, but animistic belief and rituals are prevalent. The result is interesting architecture and festivals.

Architecture & Building Method
The distinctive rooftops are described as being boat shaped or saddle backed. 

Bamboo is used in the construction. The roofs are cantilevered (like an overhanging tray on a table with a weight on the tray on the table keeping it place). The roof is additionaly supported by vertical poles or supports from the ground, like tree trunks, at both ends of the house or hotel. 

Orientation and Decoration
The front of the house faces north-east, east for the rising sun which grows the rice and other crops.  The back of the house faces south-west.

The roofs and fronts of houses are decorated with panels of red which contrast with the green scenery of rice fields. The traditional colours are black and white, red and yellow. Red for life, on the front of the house. Another colour for death on the back of the house. Another symbol is the buffalo, for strength, power, wealth.

Language
Tana Toraja means Toraja land. Jalan is Indonesian for street.

Indonesian - English
aluk - the way
aluk to dolo - the way of the ancestors
to - of (like do in Italian) 
Jalan - street
sula - island
tana - land

English - Indonesian

island - sula
land - tana
street - jalan
The mountainous area is fertile.

Tourism
The big tourist attraction is the week-long funerals of ancestors. (The bodies are preserved until that time.) The funerals take place after the autumn harvest. 

This three-star hotel is in typical Toraja style. 
Indonesia has more than a thousand islands. Other well-known isalnds and popular places to visit in Indonesia are the traditional capital, Jakarta, and the islands of Bali, Batam, Bintan, and Lombok. I have other posts on other areas.
I am not a fan of komodo dragons. I saw enough large lizards looming, wandering freely in Singapore, where I lived, on and off, for thirty years, even in the Botanical gardens. But admiring ingenious and colourful, lovely architecture, in Indonesia, that's my thing. 

Useful Websites
Please share with friends links to your favourite blog posts.

Tuesday, August 2, 2022

Where to Find Marks & Spencer And The History of Your Shops and Brands

 



The Origin of Marks

 The name Marks means son of Mark. Michael Marks was Jewish, as were many people in what was known as the rag trade. He had started a successful little business selling clothes in the market in Leeds, England. Later he wanted to expand. 

Meeting Spencer

He approached somebody who supplied him with goods.Would they like to invest some money and have a half share in the expanding company and profits? The man he approached, said no, but my accountant, Spencer, might be interested. Spencer was interested. 

Spencer was not Jewish. He was a Christian. How do I know and how can you check? Spencer and his wife are buried in a church cemetery.



St Michael

St Michael was the brand name Marks chose to honour and recall  and commemorate the name of his beloved late father Michael. I always wondered why a 'Jewish' company would have a brand which sounded christian. Now I have the answer. The compnay\s owners, like their customers were a mixture of religions. They all knew the English word saint. 

Marks and Spencer set out to be saintly, reliable. Classic clothes. Long-lasting. Quality control. Straight, firm seams. Spare buttons. Firmly inserted zips. 

The company expanded over the years. Now they are in Singapore, all over the world.

You can find their shops in major malls. And online. 

If you want to explore history, as well as see modern shops, plaques recalling them and their start are in Leeds, England.

I went to Marks & Spencer in London earlier this year and bought ladies underwear, sets of

Marks & Spencer brands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Marks_%26_Spencer_brands

Useful Websites

Marks

https://www.marksandspencer.com/

wiki marks

Please share links to your favourite blog posts.

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Georgia: Part 3: The Country In Eurasia - a Christian Land of Cathedrals, Caves and wine, sandwiched between the sea, Russia and Turkey


Georgia the country has a flag with lots of crosses. Five.Red crosses. The flag of Switzerland has one cross. (A small one on the centre of the flag. The red Cross has a red cross on white, but the flag of Switzerland is the reverse, white on red.) The flag of England has one cross; a red cross runs from side to side and top to bottom But Georgia has five crosses.All red crosses. As you might expect, the major religion is Christianity. The name Georgia might be related to St George or to Sanskrit for land of wolves.

Georgia is in Eurasia, Eastern Europe and Western Asia. 

Its west coast is on the Black Sea. To the north is Russia. To the south are Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan.  

Best of both worlds? We'll see. You decide. 

Its UNESCO recognized heritage sights include a cathedral. Cathedral are two a penny, as they say, meaning commonplace, in most of Western Europe. Although here the cathedral looks more Russian or Orthodox with its turquoise almost conical green domes on towers and filled white arches in walls. 

After the cathedral was apparently extensively renovated, UNESCO decided the building was no

longer sufficiently entirely old and removed the status. 

I think that is a pity. I would love to see many more  old buildings restored to look the way they once were. The Japanese rebuild everything as new after earthquakes using plans. It is good to have buildings restored and once again, places you can inhabit.



Description
Polski: Katedra Bagrati. Kutaisi, Imeretia, Gruzja.
English: Bagrati Cathedral. Kutaisi, Imereti, Georgia.
Русский: Храм Баграта. Кутаиси, Имеретия, Грузия.
Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg
This is a photo of a monument in Georgia identified by the ID
 591 Wikidata-logo.svg


Date24 May 2014, 09:41
SourceOwn work
AuthorMarcin Konsek
Attribution
(required by the license)
Photo: Marcin Konsek / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0

However, I thought the cave city was more unusual.If rather desolate.




Description
ქართული: უფლისციხე, შიდა ქართლის მხარე, საქართველო.
Polski: Rezerwat historyczno-architektoniczny. Uplisciche, Wewnętrzna Kartlia, Gruzja.
English: Historical-Architectural Reserve. Uplistsikhe, Shida Kartli, Georgia.
Русский: Историко-архитектурный заповедник. Уплисцихе, Шида-Картли, Грузия.
Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg
This is a photo of a monument in Georgia identified by the ID
 1953 Wikidata-logo.svg


Date24 May 2016, 12:01
SourceOwn work
AuthorMarcin Konsek
Attribution
(required by the license)
Photo: Marcin Konsek / Wikimedia Commons /


Food and Drink

Specialities include dumplings, meat and other dishes with walnuts, wine. Sounds yummy. What's not to like!

Do read the travel and health advisories from the governments of the UK and USA and wherever you are for up to date information on visas, travel, health and safety.

 Useful Websites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagrati_Cathedral

Wikimedia

Wikitravel

Wikivoyage

https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)

About the Author

Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker. Please share links to your favourite posts.


Thursday, February 6, 2020

How To Remember The Days Of The Week In Malay


Flag of Malaysia.

My family picked up a free for customers 2020 calendar produced by Suzuki in a garage in Singapore.


Flag of China

The calendar has English, Malay and Mandarin.

Days of the week
English - Malay
Sunday - Ahad
Monday - Isnin
Tuesday - Selasa
Wednesday - Rabu
Thursday - Khamis
Friday - Jumaat
Saturday - Sabtu



How do you remember them? Firstly, let's sort out Saturday and Sunday.
Sabtu begins with an S and you might think it is Sabbath and Sunday. No, it is Saturday. Easier than you think. The Moslems celebrate on Friday, the Jews on Saturday and the Christians on Sunday.
So how do you remember Sabtu is like the Jewish Sabbath. Don't bother worrying about that. The simple way is to simply look at the letters. Saturday and Sabtu begin with the same two letters.



Malay- English
Ahad - Sunday - AH- A Day of rest, for most, Sunday. I/Ah had a good day of rest.
Isnin - Monday - iIS it Not n the office day, moNday. It's not monday, is it?
Selasa - Tuesday - Selasa SE in TuESday. SEcond day of the week. SElasa.
Rabu - Wednesday - RABU short four letters, remember it's half way, about midweek, you (U) only have two days to the weekend, Wednesday
Khamis - Thursday - Khamis with an h kHamis is tHursday. Coming to the end of the week. Hurray!
Jumaat - Friday - Jumaat - Jews celebrate Friday night, eve of Sabbath, and Moslems Are AT prayer All day.
Sabtu - Saturday - SA-btu is SA-turday

The memory aids are helpful even if they simply make you keep re-reading the list of the days of the week it until you remember them all.

Now let's look at them and see if you can remember the English from the Malay.

Sabtu - which day?
Ahad - which day?

Isnin - which day?
Selasa - which day?

Rabu - which day?
Khamis - which day?

Jumaat - which day?
Sabtu - which day?

Now, let's mix them up.
Isnin - ?
Jumaat - ?
Ahad - ?
Rabu - ?
Selasa - ?
Khamis - ?
Rabu - ?
Sabtu - ?

Now let's try them in a sentence. Will I see you Monday?
Isnin.

Useful Websites
Malaysia tourism
https://www.tourism.gov.my/

Malay/Indonesian languages
Duolingo.com


About the Author
Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker. Teacher of English and other languages. Please share links to your favourite posts.

Thursday, February 28, 2019

Funerals: who should attend? what should you wear?What more can you do?


The Taj Mahal, India. © Yann Forget in Wikipedia

Do you visit graves and mausoleums of people you don't know? Millions visit the Taj Mahal, every year. Do you like attending funerals? Many people flew across the world to attend the funeral of Princess Diana, even though they had never met her, nor any of her family.

However, others won't or can't attend the funerals of family and friends. Some people just don't like funerals. Why?

Distress
The upset at losing somebody.
The reminder that we are all mortal.
Seeing the family looking tearful.

Confusion
The confusion of not knowing relatives from friends.
Not knowing what to say.
Not knowing what to wear.

Black Catholic Dress Code
A year or two ago, never forgotten, I turned up in a black and white patterned jacket at an all-black Catholic funeral in the UK. I had to drop to my knees behind the pew in front and reverse my jacket. Luckily it had a black lining.

Timing of Funerals and Flights
This year, 2019, some of my family just changed their flights specially to attend a funeral in London. We had weeks of pre-funeral uncertainty over this. My flights were redemption flights which cannot be changed without paying a premium. So we kept postponing the booking of my flights. Finally, after a couple of months of waiting, we booked my flight. Then we were told the date of the funeral.

Jewish And Muslim Fast Funerals
By contrast, Jewish and Muslim funerals happen fast, so fast you sometimes risk missing them. Traditionally funerals would happen fast because bodies go off in the heat.

I recall a Muslim friend of mine who was angry with her religious authorities who wanted the funeral of her grandparent to take place so quickly that she would not be able to get there. She needed to take a round the world flight from Singapore, allowing a few hours to spare in case of any flight delays.

She had lots of things to arrange. Not just the flight for three people when planes were full in high season. Packing for the children. She was pregnant and needed a doctor's letter for the airline saying she was safe to fly and would not give birth in mid-air.

Jewish Orthodox Tradition
I attended one Jewish funeral, years ago, when somebody I knew pointed out that I was wearing black leather trousers. Both leather and trousers were considered unsuitable. However, the mourners made no comment on my clothes and said they were very glad I attended.

More recently I attended an Orthodox funeral. To me any synagogue which is not Liberal or Reform sounds Orthodox. Best to ask the dress code. I was surprised that peole were wearing mixed black and colours and colours. Only the immediate family wore all black. That way you could identify the immediate family.

My wearing all black caused confusion. Three people assumed I was one of the daughters. They told me, "So sorry to hear about your father". Since my own father had died recently, that caused even more confusion.

Christian Delayed Funeral
Contrasting with Jewish and Muslim funeral which take place fast, Christian funerals can be delayed endlessly. Recently we kept waiting weeks for news. 'Will it be a quick family service only, with a public memorial service six months or a year later?'

After weeks of uncertainty, my family not booking return fights, the date was been announced. it turned out that the widow, who also lost their son earlier the same year, had taken events badly, and had been yo-yoing in and out of hospital and nursing homes.

Time Off Work
I heard that my family were disappointed that only about thirty people turned up. None were noticeable from the deceased man's workplace, which was a bank.

I can see that an important institution cannot have double figures of people taking the day off, whether as paid leave or as holiday allowance. However, I think one person as representative of the company should go.

Back To Work
I have been to events where people who are working attended the service, then disappeared.

I asked, "Why did they leave so early? Why didn't they stay for the reception? Everybody was invited!"

"They could not take the whole day off work." So they attended only the late morning service, not the family get together over lunch food afterwards.

Others might miss the religious service, but come to the house after work to console the family by ensuring they are not alone and lonely.

There is the last minute hunt for the black clothes, the shoes, the socks, cuff links, change jewellery. When my mother in law was in her nineties, I had a black dress and matching hat hanging on the far right of the wardrobe, ready for her funeral or anybody of her generation. I was prepared.

Sometimes the deceased person themselves asks for no fuss. Freddie Mercury was one. You cannot see a grave for him. Only a plaque.

Plaque to Freddie Mercury in Feltham, London, England.
And statues of Freddie.

Statue of Freddie Mercury in Montreux, Switzerland.

To allow the ground to settle over a grave, only several weeks after the funeral, a heavy headstone is set up.

In Singapore I learned that there the Indians have no idea what a gravestone means. I gave a talk, ending with a picture of Spike Milligan's humorous headstone message, in Gaelic to thwart restrictions. The English translation is: I told you I was ill.

Indian Cremations
The Indians had cremation, but no headstone. So don't assume that all family, friends and colleagues will understand what is required.

Distant Relatives
At one funeral in London, an ipad was set up so that family in Australia could watch the event and join and and speak to those attending.

Records
For anybody who misses the event, you can keep a copy of the funeral oration, or the obituary in the local newspaper, to post on to wellwishers.

Traditionally, funeral directors and tombstone suppliers have cars which they sell, announcing a funeral, or thanking those who attended.

Another record is to list your deceased family member's gravestone or obituary on find-a-grave, ancestry, or one of the memorial websites.

Useful Websites
find a grave
visitbritain.com

Author, Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker. See other posts and next post on cemetery visits. Please share links to your favourite posts.

Thursday, February 12, 2015

The origins of pancake day?

What's the origin of pancake day? Using up flour and food, old food, which you will given up for lent, a Christian festival. But it probably goes back to pre-Christian days, when spring cleaning got rid of old food ready for the next harvest.

I wonder whether the fast days were for going without to help eke out supplies for your own family, or throughout the community. Or could it have been to stop the old food contaminating the new? Looking at the cereal and dairy supplies (in pancakes), you are removing the old flour, giving the utensils a rest period (like the seventh day of rest for families and animals, and fields lying fallow).

A Discovery channel programme investigated the ten plagues and the deaths of the firstborn Egyptian children of the ruling class.  The called in detectives and forensic investigations of possible causes of death. After eliminating as unlikely the invasion of every home and striking down of only one inmate, they looked at the possibilities or deliberate or accidental poisoning.

Investigators compared mass deaths with later outbreaks in rural communities. They found incidences in American history of deaths from St Vitus's dance, which is caused by contamination of stored cereal crops (used to make flour) in unduly wet weather.

The conclusion was that it was likely that the richer pharaonic tribes lived in one area, eating one feral crop, whilst the slave or servant or foreign group lived elsewhere eating another crop. The richer people had stores of crops. The first born child was traditionally given a double portion of the food, because the firstborn was favoured, (and often as much as four years older if breastfed).

Not knowing the cause of the problem, or knowing the cause and wanting the entire population to abide by the rules for preventing it happening again, the rulers then established a rule or tradition of using up old flour, making it both fun (pancake day) and serious (abstaining for lent).

The Jewish festival of Passover celebrates the passing over of the children who were not killed by the angel who supposedly slew the Pharoah's first born, and includes removing all wheat from the house for a week, and using all new crockery. This was depicted in paintings as the last supper, a springtime meal. (Though the bread is might be shown in famous paintings as risen dough rather than flat unleavened bread.)

If you do not observe the Jewish nor the Christian abstentions, you may still find yourself surrounded by people celebrating pancake day and may wish to have fun following the recipes given for making pancakes.

Commerce and marketing now cater for all religions and traditions and are keen to promote anything which sells more goods and keeps well-fed happy customers. If you eat pancakes, but have not had any recently, you will enjoy the promotion of pans and pancake recipes.

Pancakes in America are often small fat items. They can be bought readymade in stacks like biscuits (which in the USA are called cookies).

British pancakes are larger and thinner. British pancakes are half way between the American and French versions.

The thinnest pancakes are the wafer thin French crepes which are huge and rolled up, sold around moated Mont St Michel, in Northern France, sometimes with the addition of Grand Marnier or liqueur.

Enjoy pancake day.

Monday, March 17, 2014

Names In Other Countries

Names and nicknames. Every country has its own system. I've lived in the UK, the USA and Singapore.
 In Singapore in the Hash House Harriers people are given nicknames, some of which are insulting, whilst others are rude. This is traditional and dates back several years to the army.  Then the runners enjoying a paper-chase  were a leisure group to amuse the soldiers evening and weekends. It kept them fit, encouraged team-work, and kept them off the streets and out of trouble.
    I think it's time to move on. From the Americans we have learned a lot about physiology, morale and motivation. The Americans say what goes around comes around. The Indians and Asians say karma.
   The American army pioneered employee selection and job allocation, using psychological testing (Myers Briggs). These classifications are still used widely in the army and companies worldwide.  
  Given what we now know about psychology, we can use words to motivate. We need to encourage self-respect and respect for others. This prevents fights, arguments, insults, homicide and suicide.
    I am opposed to negative names. They belong to the bad old days. I like positive names.
    Naming for characteristics has been going on since biblical times. Originally people had one name.  Then sons were named after their parent, usually the father. John was called John like his father. When he was little he was simply called John's son. Later in his life, and in a later era, he would be called Johnson. In English we also have Williamson, Richardson, Timson, Wilson.
    I have been researching for my novel trilogy which starts in London's East End in the 1880s. That was at the time of when Queen Victoria ruled much of what became known as the Commonwealth or former Commonweal. Queen Victoria's favourite was The PM of England Disraeli, a man whose family converted to Christianity - necessary to be in government, but was of Jewish ancestry, of Italian-Mediterranean origin.  I started researching names, discovering that Jewish names followed two distinct groups. Disraeli was from the Sephardi or Spanish and Portuguese origin. His friends the Rothschild bankers were Ahskenazis, or North Europeans, whose names reflected their language, German mixed with Hebrew (Yiddish) and Russian names.
   From the time of Cromwell and the Quakers, and the Baptists, the Christians had taken 'Christian' names for Baptism and Confirmation, from the bible. They chose Old Testament names, New Testament names (Mathew, Mark Luke and John). Virtuous sounding names were popular, such as Faith, Hope and Charity.
   Governments needed names for a census to count the home population and those in countries they conquered. The armies needed family names to identify recruits and call up.

   In the UK public schools called boys by surnames, or Master (surname). Adults were Mister (surname).
   In the UK we have public schools which are fee-paying. Originally church schools were private and the first fee paying schools were known as public school. In the USA a school where pupils pay is called a public school. A free school paid for out of taxes is called a state school.
  If you name too many people, even two is too many, with the same name you need to add another name.
   The 'calculating' Chinese, always good with money, named their children by order of birth, number one son, and so on.
   Nowadays when texting we need to shorten time spent typing so we go back to one name. Another benefit of a nickname is that it gives anonymity where we are hiding our identity from hackers and ID theft on the internet.  
   A culture with a positive attitude names everybody with good qualities or qualities you wish them to have, such Hope, Charity, Good, Great, Honest. A nickname which is alliterative is easy to remember. One with a positive meaning attracts a smile and a happy outlook.
   That is why I call myself Angella, the Angel. I introduce myself to foreigners and strangers as Angela - like an angel. I like to think I am both angelic, cute and full of goodwill.
   The old meaning of angel was messenger. I am journalist and teacher, bringing knowledge, skills, and useful information and positive thinking and encouragement.
Angela Lansbury
Author of Quick Quotations. Speech writer. Speech Trainer. Immediate Past President Harrovian Speakers' Club, London, England. English tutor. Adult EFL worldwide on Skype. O and A level tutoring. (See books on Lulu.com. Also YouTube videos on speeches and English grammar. LinkedIn. Facebook.)