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Showing posts with label raining cats and dogs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label raining cats and dogs. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 21, 2018

Why You Should Watch What You Say, Especially Metaphors, When Speaking To Foreigners

Problems:
1 You ask for something in a foreign country or in a foreign country, but the other person treats it as a joke. (Probably disguising and deflecting from the fact that they can't help and don't want to admit it.)

Singapore
Mostly Singaporeans understand English jokes and irony. If I get into a lift (called an elevator when you are in the USA), if it stops at floors two and three, I might say, "Now it will stop at floors four and five!" If I say this in a sarcastic tone, I will usually get a Chinese (facial type, orlanguage type) answering, "Yes, and after that six and seven!"

More rarely, I would get a scientific minded person telling me about how lifts are designed to remember or stop and how many lifts you need.


Joking in Florida, USA
Once I was at an airport in Florida, at the checkin desk, and I heard an announcement about anybody late should go to the check in immediately. I grinned as I said to the girl on the check-in, "I"m here. they must be calling the pilot. He can be late, because it won't go without him!"
She replied, absolutely stony face, in a factual tone, as if I was making a serious point, "The pilot is never later".

2 You make a joke and the other person takes it literally. For example, I arrive in Singapore and, with map in hand ask a passer-by the way, saying, "Do you know Orchard Street?"
She replies, "No, where is it."
I reply, "I don't know. That's what I am trying to find out?"
I puzzled over that a long time. "Do you know ...?" when asking the way is short for, "Do you know the way to ...?", or, "Do you know it? If so, tell me the way."
I wondered whether:
1 She is completely stupid.
2 The phrase, Do you know, just does not translate as a direction enquiry in her language.
3 She is the literal type.
4 When translating a foreign language, you concentrate hard on the exact meaning first. Understanding metaphors comes later.
5 Some languages don't have metaphors.
6 Some languages are very flowery, full of metaphors, whilst others are more practical.

English is full of metaphors, mostly literal descriptions from forms of transport or trades which were common in our grandparents' time, so their phrases have come down to us.

I was talking to a friend about visiting the Welsh ferry port village of Fishguard, taking the passenger and car ferry from Wales to Rosslare in Ireland. He said he had driven to Cork without stopping in Rosslare, and used the phrase, 'Rosslare was just a port of call'. 

I have often used or heard the phrase 'a port of call' without stopping to think about it. In the days of transport by boat, before planes, a port of call would have been used frequently to describe a port or route.
Nowdays, we usually say, 'a port of call' meaning a stopping place, where you don't stay long, which is not a port at all.

Later, a friend of mine on Facebook, looking at a giant see-saw, asked which friends wanted to ride. 

I embarked on a discussion of where it was, whether we could build one in a park in Singapore, and who to approach for permission. 

Her reply was that she was merely joking, answering the question, who do you want to ride with, not issuing a literal invitation.

Interesting. Some people - at one extreme treat everything, including serious things, as a joke. Others, at the other extreme, treat everything, even a joke, as if it were literal and serious. Most of us are in the middle. Some people, ultra-cautious, or keen to please, try to do both.

Flowery French
It is important to understand other languages in order to understand other people. For example, when I was single, I met a boy in a French-speaking country. He wrote me a letter full of flowery phrases. Now, these would sound great in a poem in English, a song in English, a translation of the Biblical Song of Songs. However, English is a more practical language, and I just thought it was too much too soon and he was not grounded in reality, an obsessive, a nutcase, a potential stalker. When I learned, years later, that French is a much more flowery language, I wondered whether he was merely writing in the style which he had learned at school was the best writing in French.

English Metaphors
The translation of common phrases can also create an odd impression. I said to a pupil in Singapore when I was a teacher, "It's raining cats and dogs". He looked out of the window and replied, "I see cats. No dogs."

I explained it was an idiom. If I had not done so, he might have thought I was completely mad.

Useful Websites For Travellers
duolingo.com - learn languages for free. I have several posts on leanring languages.

Author
Angela Lansbury travel writer and photographer.

Monday, February 6, 2017

Explaining the English Language to Others - Phrases


Problem
How do you explain English terms you take for granted to people who seem to have a basic or good grasp of English and want to know more? I get asked questions like, Can you explain the subjunctive? What's the difference between subjunctive and subjective?

Answer
If you are teaching English as a foreign language overseas, or at home, even if you are not, start a card index with terms you need to explain. Or a file, containing photocopies of pages from grammar books or workbooks so you don't have to spend hours hunting. When teaching, you can use a workbook and go through everything logically, starting with the present tense, then the past, simple past, then the future. Instead of missing your lunch, tea-time drink, or your toilet break, tell the pupil where to find the answer in the class work book and then ask the pupil to explain to the class after the break. You repeat, correct, clarify, and tell the pupils to write down the answer in their language, or to write down the reference to the page in their workbook, or add the reference at the end of their class book's index.

Stories
At the end of the day's English class I was teaching in Singapore I was standing with some pupils looking out at the driving rain in Singapore and we all hesitated to go home because of the weather.
I commented, "It's raining cats and dogs." Everybody was silent for a moment. My pupils were contemplating the weather, I thought.
Then one boy replied, "I see the cats, but I don't see any dogs. Where are the dogs?"
I had a fit of giggles, unbecoming for a teacher, who is supposed to be authoritative, and said, "It's an English phrase."
My pupil stared at me suspiciously. "Really? What does it mean? Why cats and dogs?"

Two thoughts ran through my head. The first was, "It's an old medieval phrase, something to do with cats on thatched rooftops jumping down when it rains, especially cats and dogs coming indoors in thunderstorms."

My second thought was, "The French have a rather rude version something like - how can I put this politely? Water gushing as forcibly as a cow or bull urinating.

Later I looked it up in a dictionary of phrases and a dictionary of proverbs and the huge dictionary in the library. The origin is not important. It's one of those phrases whose original meaning is not known to most people, who just use the phrase, which is a metaphor.

The real origin is important to scholars and those studying language at university in order to write a thesis. But for pupils trying to learn to speak, it is more useful to have a visual image reminding them of the phrase to use in conversation, or to recognise and understand the meaning when they hear it, as happened when I spoke to them.

Similes and Metaphors
A simile says this is similar to that, this is like that.

A metaphor says this is that. In a metaphor one thing stands for another.

For example, a simile would be: "The bride in her voluminous skirt looked like / similar to a ship in full sail."

A metaphor would be: "The bride in her voluminous skirt was a ship in full sail." The word similar is dropped so it is not a simile but a metaphor.

Angela Lansbury, author, English teacher. I teach individuals and groups and businesses in private lessons in written and spoken English, giving presentations and speeches and reading English books and newspapers and technical journals.
My books are on Amazon and Lulu.com
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