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Showing posts with label flashcards. Show all posts
Showing posts with label flashcards. Show all posts

Sunday, September 3, 2023

Bulgarian Language

 




They say it's the easiest of the Slavic languages and will help you to learn the others. I found it so when I visited Bulgaria.

Duolingo does not have Bulgarian. However, there is a handy Bulgarian phrase book in Wikivoyage. 

You can learn Bulgarian from Bulgaro which has flashcards and native speakers.

Duolingo has no Bulgarian in 2023.

Useful Websites

Memrise

https://app.memrise.com/courses/english/bulgarian/

Bulgaro

https://www.bulgaro.io/blog/bulgarian-on-duolingo

https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bulgarian_phrasebook

Please share links to your favourite posts.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Learn Chinese Writing, Strokes & Simple Words - Chinese Writing - Chinese Time Courses - Page 1 - chinesetimeschool.com

A friend told me that Chinese writing follows a logic and just as you write strokes in a certain order. You may remember how you learned to write English from left to right right. I vividly recall learning to write on a straight line with another faint line on top to contain or limit the upward verticals on h or l. A faint line below was the limit for lower loops on g or y.

In Chinese, he told me, the lower line of a character is like the English (Roman) L or l, and has a base which is wide like the ground beneath a tree.

From Chinesasy book I learned that characters fit into boxes, so that when you put two characters side by side they are squashed up as if you were still writing them inside a box as you would when learning to write in primary school.

In Wikipedia I stambled across Chinese writing. I saw that characters could be divided into single stroke characters, two stroke characters, three stroke characters.

For me the easiest characters to learn at a glance were one, two three, written as single, double and triple horizontal lines. Just like the roman l ll lll but turned sideways. What I had not noticed was that in two in Chinese the lower line is slightly wider.

My latest discovery, whilst hunting for the flashcards with the names of countries, was a list of the basic strokes, showing them in freuqently seen and used words.

The words you often see on doorways and railway timetable are the characters for day and month and the numbers one to ten.

The lines with the little hooks at the end are not merely decorative like serifs in the font Times. They are essential. The two cubes piled on top of each other for day and night or sun and moon are distinguished by the curve on the moon. At first I muddled up sun and moon. then I larned to look for the curve, like a curned moon, on the left hand downward stroke.

Instead of viewing Chinese as a huge mystery, view it like those puzzles of spot the difference. Add a little spot the difference puzzle each day, or re-do a set of puzzles so they gradually become easier. You get a sense of achievement.


From Simplified wiki I find this handy chart:
山shānmountain3 peaks
人rénperson/people/humanitya creature standing on 2 legs
口kŏumouthan open mouth
刀dāosword/knifea blade
木mùwooda tree
日rìsun/daya sun with a cloud in the middle
月yuèmoon/monthsame as 日, but in the shape of a crescent
女nǚwoman/girl/femaleperson with large breasts
子zi/zĭchilda child wrapped in a blanket
馬 / 马mǎhorsea horse with a head, a mane, a body, a tail, and 4 legs
鳥 / 鸟niǎobirda creature with a head and a wing with feathers
目mùeyean eye with 2 eyelids
水shuǐwaterthree streams of water
  • Simple ideograms, zhi shi (指事): characters that use one radical, to represent abstract nouns, such as ideas and abstractions. Examples include:
Chinese
character
(traditional/
simplified)
Pīnyīn
(Mandarin
pronunciation)
MeaningLooks like
一yīone1 line
二èrtwo2 lines
三sānthree3 lines
大dàbig/large/greata person 人 holding out his/her arms as wide as possible
天tiānheaven/sky/daylike 大, but one line above, so the greatest of the great
小xiǎolittle/smallfingers holding onto a needle
上shàngup/above/previousa plant's stem and leaf above the ground
下xiàdown/below/nexta plant's roots
本běnroota tree 木 with its roots showing underground
末mòapexa tree 木 with one extra line on the top, so the very top
  • Complex ideograms, hui yi (会意), or characters that use more than one radical to represent more complex ideas or abstractions. Examples include:
Chinese
character
(traditional/
simplified)
Pīnyīn
(Mandarin
pronunciation)
MeaningLooks like
明míngbright/light/tomorrowa sun 日 and a moon 月 next to each other, indicating that tomorrow happens after the sun and moon passes
好hǎogooda woman 女 and a child 子 next to each other, indicating that a woman with a child is good
休xiūresta person 亻(人) next to a tree 木
林línwoodstwo trees 木 next to each other
森sēnforestthree trees 木 next to each othe
Useful Websites
Learn Chinese Writing——Stroke - Chinese Writing Chinese Time Courses Chinese Language - Page 1 - chinesetimeschool.com
https://quizlet.com/35569456/country-names-in-chinese-flash-cards/
https://www.nippon.com/en/views/b05605/getting-started-with-kanji.html

Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker, teacher of English and other languages.
Please share links to your favourite posts.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Yes, You Do Speak Spanish - Words you already know and where to find more for free

Spanish Flag

My most popular post is the one on learning Spanish, which I wrote on Saturday, March 8, 2014. I have updated it here by adding memory aids, words, logos, and websites.

Yes, you do speak SPANISH

If an earthquake strikes when you are living in a Spanish speaking country such as Chile, or visiting on holiday or business, you will either follow or lead the crowd, adults and children, locals and foreigners. You will be glad to recognize a sign saying
ZONA DE SECURIDAD which means safe zone.

Here are some more handy words, separated to make it easy to follow:

adios - goodbye
amigos - friends
el aeropuerto - airport
el - the
el avion - plane

el banco - bank
el biblioteca - library
bodega - wine
credito - credit
favorito - favourite

zona - zone
de - of
securidad - security/safety
mañana - tomorrow
Mayo - May

menu - menu
mi - my
bien - good / well
bienvenido - welcome
fruta - fruit

buenos dias -  good day / good morning / hello (d for day, d for dias, note the plurals)
buenos tardes - good afternoon, good evening (tardy - afternoon)
buenos noches - good evening / good night (n for noches, n for night, notch up another 24 hour day)
hola - hello (like the verb to hail, also letters h and o and l in the English and Spanish words)
momento - moment

Noviembre - November
numero - number
Octubre - October
padre - father (paternal, and padre in the Catholic church)
parador - guest house run by the government in renovated ruin to promote tourism

pasaporte - passport
patatas - potatoes
persona - person
por - for
por favour - please (for a favour/US favor, like the phrase: do me a favour)
hotel - hotel

hora - hour
libreria - bookshop (like library)
libros - books (items you find in a library)
gracias thanks (like the English word grateful)
grande - big, large

gran problema - big problem
mañana - morning (yes the same word for tomorrow, short for tomorrow morning)
mermelada ( not marmalade but jam)
profession - profession
restaurante - restaurant

salmon - salmon
securidad - security/safety
Septiembre - September
si - yes
sombrero - hat

sopa - soup
vigilante - watchman (holding a vigil or watch)
vistas - views
senor - sir
señora - madam

senorita - miss / young lady
supermercado - supermarket
si - yes
no - no or not

MENU
azucar - sugar - think of it as a sugar, s turned into Z, c turned into g

HANDY, HARD TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
breakfast - desayuno (I remember ''Dessert, at breakfast time, yes I'll have one.)

You have now learned more than 60 words just by reading this post.

Spanish is spoken in Spain, North America, South America (e.g. Chile), and Mexico.

To learn Spanish:

Useful Websites
Earworms Spanish in 2 vols 200+words (buy on ebay). Disc and phrase books. You can buy vol 1 or vol 2 or both. I bought both.
www.linguaphone.com


For children an easy start, fifty flashcards with pictures on one side. £5.99. 

You might also join or start a Spanish speaking Toastmasters International public speaking club. Google the website for Toastmasters International Find a club. Toastmasters International has speakers' manuals in several languages including Spanish.

Also see
Duolingo websites for learning languages


To get you started, two websites have free material which you can see online or download on your phone, Duolingo and Memrise. You will also find help on Wikipedia and simple Wikipedia.




Other Useful Websites
duolingo.com
memrise.com

Author
Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer. I have more posts on Spanish and other languages and Spain and other destinations. Also see my books on Amazon and lulu.com Please share links to this and your other favourite posts and my other pages.

Monday, June 17, 2019

How to Learn Chinese


Chinese is difficult but fascinating. I am talking about those symbols.

 I am pursuing my interest in learning Chinese, after staring at those symbols in Singapore on the bus and train. More symbols are on the exit doors. I look at the translations of station names on the MRT. I didn't get the urge to learn Chinese so strongly in Hong Kong and China, although I did learn to recognize the road sign, the square sign for central which meant China, so they said. But in Singapore you hear the words all the time in the recorded messages after the English.

I finally got around to ordering the Chineasy system. I head about it years ago when it was featured in a British newspaper. I cut out the article and have it on my fridge door. I just checked, The date was 2014, five years ago

Now I have the Chineasy cards.

Big cards, Not like playing cards. Big, thick solid cards.
They came in a big thick solid box with reminders on the front
Colourful.

Despite that the post managed to make a teeny dent in one corner of the box. We should get a bigger letterbox.

Word pictures easy to understand. Pictographs.

I later bought the book. The two duplicate the information, the pictures, but that is good. If you tire of cards, use the book, You tire of the book, use cards.

The book was also big and heavy.

Useful Websites
amazon
ebay

Book
Chineasy by Shaolan, published by Thames & Hudson.
www.thamesandhudson.com

Flashcards
60 Flashcards
About The Author, Angela Lansbury
Travel writer and photographer, author and speaker. I teach English and other languages. I specialise in speeches. I am a mmber of Toastmasters International and have more than 100 ribbons and certificates for best speech and best evaluation. I am also a judge at speech contests.
I have many other posts on learning chinese and other languages. Please share links to your favourite posts.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

How to say Thank you in several languages

What are the ten basic words you need to know or find easy to recognize because you hear them most often?

1 Thanks
2 Please
3 Hello
4 Goodbye
5 Yes
6 No
7 How much
8 Ok
9 Toilet
10 Restaurant

Not enough. You need another ten:
1 Exit
2 Entrance
3 Pull
4 Push
5 Water
6 Taxi
7 Food
8 Drink
9 Where?
10 Lost

Let's start with thanks.

Flag of UK

thank you / thanks - English


Flag of France.

1 merci - French
2 mersi - Romanian


German flag

3 danke - German
4 gracias - Spanish
5 grazie - Italian


6 obrigado (said by a male) / obrigada (said by a female) - Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese
7 terima kasih - Malay /Indonesian
8 spasibo / spasibuh - Russian


9 efkaristo - Greek


10 dankon - Esperanto

bedankt - thanks (like be thanked by the Dutch)
vielen dank
tak - Danish
takk - Norwegian
tack - Swedish
arigato - Japanese

I remember the Portuguese word obrigado with the memory aid, much obliged.
I remember the Malay terimah kasih with the memory aid, terribly grateful. thanks
Gracias, Spanish, sounds like grateful.
Danke sounds like thank ya/you

What is the easiest?

Esperanto Dankon

The hardest
Bulgarian - blagodarya
Tamil - nanri



Chinese flag
CHINESE 
simplified!
谢谢
Xièxiè
(Pronounced shay shay)

Quiz

Which languages are these?

danke
gracias
grazie
merci
mersi
shay-shay
shukran
spasibo
terima kasih
tak
tac
takk
todah robuh

Can you say thank you in these languages?
1 Arabic
2 French
3 Chinese (Mandarin)
4 German
5 Hebrew
6 Indonesian
7 Malay
8 Portuguese
9 Russian
10 Spanish

Useful Websites for Travellers
Free internet language learning
duolingo.com
Facebook polyglots page for those interested in learning and discussing languages
Polyglots (The Community)
https://www.facebook.com/groups/polygotcommunity/

Flashcards to view and make
https://www.cram.com/search?query=languages&submit=Search
https://tinycards.duolingo.com/decks/8hvj9dyD/how-to-say-hello-in-20-languages

Author
Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer. Trainer for business in English and other languages. Please see my other blog posts and share links to your favourite posts with your friends and colleagues.

About the Author
Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker.
I and my family have lived in the UK, Spain, the USA and Singapore. I am a trave writer and phtographer and teacher of English A level and English as a foreign language.

Please come to a Toastmasters International Club where the English clubs have a langauge evaluator or grammarian.  We also have French, German, Mandarin Chinese, Tamil and other language clubs based in Singapore and many more online around the world which because of Covid-19 are now meeting online.

I am President of Braddell Heights Advanced, meeting every Wednesday, on zoom the first Wednesday of the month but the other Wednesdays are workshops on app learncool.sg
Or quicker to type and easier to remember:  tinyurl.com/BHACOOL

Thursday, May 4, 2017

Romanian Everyday Phrases - and handy Flashcards


Problem
You are in a restaurant and keep hearing the same phrases. What do they mean?

Answers

Romanian - English
0 - a
buna - good
d i m i n e a t a - morning
ea - she
el - he
l i m b a - language (both words start with letter l and contain the letter a; m and n are adjacent letters, and b looks like a g upside down)
n o a p t e - night
p o f t a - stomach , appetite (think of it as pigging yourself out - be a happy pig - enjoy your meal)
z i - day
z i u i a - afternoon (The word z i u i a looks like a longer word than day which is zi in Romanian. Similarly the word afternoon is longer than day in English. The last letter of ziuia and first letter of afternoon are the same; afternoon has two letter o vowels and ziuia has two i letters.)

English - Romanian
a - o
day - z i
evening - s e a r a
good - bona
he - el
she - ea

Flashcards For Languages
I keep getting messages that Duolingo is developing flash cards. Sounds good. You can create flashcards for any language, or indeed any subject. But I have not yet managed to access and create my flash cards.

In theory I could make flashcards to carry in my pocket of all new words. Just cut up old white envelopes to a certain size. How to get them all the same size? Use an out of date cards of credit card size.

Make a hole through one corner and thread them together with a piece of cotton (from a hotel sewing kit), a piece of wool, or a rubber band. Tie a slip knot so you can untie and reorganise the cards.

Alternatively use one of those key rings which open easily.

You can write both words on the same side as a simple memory aid. Keep them in alphabetical order. Alternatively arrange by subject.
If you want to test yourself, write the word on opposite sides, such as Romanian on the front and english on the back. If possible use different colours.

Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author and speaker, language teacher.

Friday, April 21, 2017

Learn Chinese with Duolingu Flashcards


Problem
How do you learn Chinese?
Answers
At last Duolingo, from which I have been learning German and Italian, has started Chinese. I just discovered the Duolingo flashcards.

Story
I've been living in Singapore on and off for twenty years but still can't put together a sentence. I really want to start.
What do I know? The easy first three numbers which I learned from a children's placemat. The numbers start like the Roman numerals but horizontal. One is a horizontal line. Two is two parallel hormonal lines. Three is three parallel horizontal lines.

Chinese Numbers
Chinese is similar to Roman numerals which have one as an upright line, two as two parallel upright lines, three as three parallel upright lines. Just imagine the Roman numerals are bowing to the East.

The number ten is also like the Roman ten. The Chinese ten is a cross with a horizontal and a vertical. (The Roman ten has turned the cross slightly clockwise into an X.)

Tips
https://tinycards.duolingo.com/decks/
https://tinycards.duolingo.com/decks/237da03b-f290-4d86-80ac-f50f5d37842d (the page with the Chinese numbers)

Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author, speaker, teacher of English and languages.

Saturday, November 15, 2014

Wine label, Workplace and Language Flashcards - Read or Make Your Own

I am studying for level one of the WSET (Wine and Spirit Education Trust) exam and I've been creating a set of slides in Keynote (apple equivalent of Powerpoint or Mosaic) about wine and wine label/menu languages in French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. I find learning from pages of vocabulary is tedious, whilst reading a wine bottle or chocolate label or clothes label is more interesting because you have a purpose and the word has an importance, telling you about quality, or safety.

The terms on wine labels make it easy to remember, but they are not quite same as the word in everyday language. It's easy to remember that vinho verde means literally green wine, but in context of wine this could mean white wine or young wine. Casa means house, but in the context of wine it could mean wine from a single vineyard, not blended wine.

I'd filled in a few Portuguese terms but needed more so I googled Portuguese wine terms. Up pops a site which has flashcards of Portuguese wine terms. The same page has links to other languages, (everything except French), Spanish, and Italian.

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/wine-portugal-glossary-of-label-terms-1889822

I then went back to the home page looking for French and German, the home page labelled Flashcards. Up pop pages of languages, everything you could think of, right the way from Afrikaans and Arabic down to Urdu, Vietnamese, Welsh, Yiddish and Yoruba.

If you don't see what you want, you can create your own in any language, from a book, the internet, from signs you pass when travelling, or for example sitting on a bus or plane, talking to somebody from a foreign country or reading a menu in a restaurant.
cram.com is create and share online flashcards
http://www.cram.com/language

You can make flashcards for your phone to revise on the bus, and make flashcards for any subject, not just languages, but any subject you are studying, for exams, for holidays and travel, or a glossary of terms used at work, for example, computers, law enforcement, medicine, the military.

You could also print them off and use them for a Xmas quiz on Xmas and New Year greetings in foreign languages for a Xmas dinner or Xmas party.

http://www.cram.com/flashcards/create