Firstly, ask what they don't eat. Secondly ask what they do eat. Thirdly,ask them what they cook at home. Fourthly ask where they shop and what they buy.
In detail:
Vegetarians
They might simply avoid meat and be happy with fish. They might eat neither meat nor fish. This could include all kinds of other food and drink containing animal parts, such as gelatine in sweets.
Vegans are one step further than vegetarians.
The vegan symbol.
Vegan
Starter
Even if a vegan restaurant has closed down, their online menu might give you some ideas. For example, olives to start, and nuts. Avocado pear, red grapefuit.
More will be added later. Please feel free to contact me with your suggestions.
You might also stock up on soy milk. And herb teas not requiring milk. And fruit juices.
Note that many soaps are made with animal fat and you might like to stock up with vegan soap.
Kosher
Years ago when my husband was employed in the UK, the company gave everybody a turkey at Christmas. After it was discovered that several members of staff who were Jewish did not eat the turkey, the company ordered kosher turkey.
In addition to avoiding pork, you have to avoid serving shellfish (crustaceans inccuding prawns), cakes and biscuits contained lard from pork. Your safest bet is to buy from a kosher shop.
Observant Jews also avoid mixing milk and meat, so no meat sandwiches made with butter, no milk in coffee, or custard or white sauce make with milk with a meat dish.
Extra rules apply at passover, which is a fore-runner of lent and involves abstaining from wheat and risen breads so crackers or matzas are eaten and you can look for foods marked Kosher for Passover.
Wines also have to be kosher.
Halal
To be safer, buy halal marked foods, buy from Halal shops and restaurants, and pastry shops, or ask guests to bring their own food.
Other diets
One of my guests would not eat Japanese style sushi because she said she did not eat raw fish.
We once invited nearby neihbours for drinks and snacks during Christmas. I looked in the fridge an all we had was everyday cheeses you find in the UK, cheddar, Edam, and Phliadelphia cream cheese.
I rushed out to the supermarket and bough a platter of fancy cheeses, brie, camembert, blue cheese, red Leicester. This was before the days of exotic English cheeses.
Our guests grimaced at my cheese platter. I thought, it wasn\t exciting enough. I d not have Stilton, or goat cheese, or Gaperon D'Auvergne, my favourite garlic cheese from a specilaity cheese shop. A French guest would have been disappointed.
Eventually I asked my guest, "What cheese do you normally eat?"
She replied,
"A nice piece of cheddar. Not anything funny-smelling and foreign."
Useful Websites
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism#Cuisine
https://officialveganhub.com/vegan-d%C3%B6ner
https://www.foodbooking.com/ordering/restaurant/menu?company_uid=dca7e67f-71bd-41d4-a04e-4c554ca27782&restaurant_uid=87914bf4-14ea-4a7d-8b53-2479d5ad7075&facebook=true
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