How do I type Romanian Characters. What do the dots mean?

Problem
How do I type Romanian characters? Do I need them? What do they mean?

Answers

Signs above letters

Aa with a line above Āā would be long. (I hold down the a letter key and tap the number 8 key above.

A with a cup shape above is short. (This is no in the fonts which I am offered.)

Signs below letters
The comma under the s turns it into a SH sound.

Story
I started typing without the characters. However, the spell checker in Duolingo, the free internet language teaching system, keeps stopping me and saying that I am almost right but have forgotten the accents.

When I try the usual system I have learned, of pressing down the key, using the apple system, one or two of those accents are missing.

My next thought was to copy and paste a letter. That would be a nuisance if I have to go out of the screen I am on every time.

If, only if, I succeed in copying all the letters, I can keep all the Romanian letters in a key at the bottom of the page I am typing, then copy the set to the page of my next post.

this is what Wikipedia says:
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters,[1][2] five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language:

Letter Name
A, a a
Ă, ă ă
Â, â î / î din a
B, b be / bî
C, c ce / cî
D, d de / dî
E, e e
F, f ef / fe / fî
G, g ge / ghe / gî
H, h haș / ha / hî
I, i i
Letter Name
Î, î î / î din i
J, j je / jî
K, k ca / capa
L, l el / le / lî
M, m em / me / mî
N, n en / ne / nî
O, o o
P, p pe / pî
Q, q kü / chiu
R, r er / re / rî
S, s es / se / sî
Letter Name
Ș, ș șe / șî
T, t te / tî
Ț, ț țe / țî
U, u u
V, v ve / vî
W, w dublu ve / dublu vî
X, x ics
Y, y igrec / i grec
Z, z ze / zet / zed / zî
The letters Q (read kü or chiu), W (dublu ve), and Y (igrec or i grec) were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as quasar, watt, and yacht. The letter K, although relatively older, is also rarely used and appears only in proper names and international neologisms such as kilogram, broker, karate.[3] These four letters are still perceived as foreign, which explains their usage for stylistic purposes in words such as nomenklatură (normally nomenclatură, meaning "nomenclature", but sometimes spelled with k instead of c if referring to members of the Communist leadership in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries, as Nomenklatura is used in English).[4]

In cases where the word is a direct borrowing having diacritical marks not present in the above alphabet, official spelling tends to favor their use (München, Angoulême etc., as opposed to the use of Istanbul over İstanbul).

FREE SAME SAME words the same in Romanian and English
broker
karate
kilogram
watt
yacht

Tips
http://www.proz.com/forum/romanian/14004-how_can_i_enter_romanian_characters_in_word_with_english_keyboard.html

Author
Angela Lansbury, travel writer and photographer, author, speaker, language teacher.